Functional genomics

Functional genomics---
Understanding the function of genes and other parts of genome is called functional genomics.
Functional genomics is a field of mol. biology that is attempting to make use of vast wealth of data produced by genome function.
F.G uses techniques like DNA micro array, protiomics, metabolomics and mutation analysis to describe the function and interactions of genes.
Mol. biology deals with the study of biology at molecular level.
Genomics deals with study of organisms genome and the uses of genes it deals with systematic use of genome information associated with data to provide answers in biology, medicine, and industry.
Genomics offers new therapeutic methods for the treatment of some diseases as well as new diagnostic methods.
Other applications are in food and agriculture sector.
The major tools and methods related to genomics are bio informatics, genetic analysis, measurement of gene expression and determination of gene function.
The 1st genome to be sequenced was that of bacteriophage in 1980.
The 1st free living organism to be sequenced was HAEMOPHILIS INFLUENZAE in the year 1995.
FG refers to the development and application of global experimental approaches to access gene function by making use of information and reagents provided by structural genomics.
In biology the genome of an organism that is encoded in a DNA or for some viruses RNA.
This includes both the genes and the non coding sequences.


TECHNIQUES AND APPLICATIONS---
AT DNA LEVEL—
GENETIC INTERACTION MAPPING—
Systematic pair wise deletion of genes or inhibition of gene expression can be used to identify genes with related function even if they don’t interact physically.

AT RNA LEVEL---
RNA MICROARRAY---
An m.array measure the amount of m RNA is a sample tht corresponds to a given gene or probe DNA sequence.
Probe sequence are immobilized on a solid surface and allowed to hybridize with fluorescent labeled target mRNA.

SAGE (SERIAL ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION)
SAGE is an alternative method of gene expression analysis based on rna sequencing rather than hybridization
Sage relies on sequencing of 10-17 base pairs tags which are unique to each gene.
These tags are produced from poly a mrna and ligated end to end before sequencing.

FUCTIONAL GENOMICS AND BIO INFORMATICS---
Because large quantities of data produced by these techniques of data produced by these techniques and a device to find biologically meaningful patterns bio informatics is crucial to analysis of functional genomics data.

EXAMPLES OF TECHNIQUES IN THIS CLASSES ARE-----
1-Data clustering
2-prinipal component analysis for supervised machine learning (class detection)
3-support machine vectors

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