INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTSpharma-D-lab manual

INTRODUCTION TO BIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS


AIM: To give an introduction about the biology , scientific experiments, laboratory requirements, procedure and equipments required for conducting a biological experiment in a laboratory .

PRINCIPLE:

Biology in broad bios= "life"; logy- "study" is the natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy.
The beginning of the Method is like any approach to explaining how the world works: it's based on first observing what's happening in it. An observation can be direct, made using your own personal senses, or indirect, using someone else's senses second-hand or using technology to detect features of the world that human senses can't.
We have been working from observing the world to explaining the world. In Scientific Method, such an explanation is called a hypothesis, and there are a couple of requirements for a legitimate hypothesis.
a hypothesis should be predictive:
Second, a hypothesis should be testable:
Scientific Method is based upon Logic
also hypothesis must be revisitable
The classic Scientific Method test is the controlled experiment,
controlled experiments are not possible, or at least not practical, predictions are tested by follow-up observations, also called field tests.
tests should be reproducible by other testers
Most scientists prefer measurements to consist of quantitative data rather than qualitative data. Quantitative data involves quantities, or discrete numbers; qualitative data involve quality, based more on feelings or opinions.
An experiment is run, measurements are made, data is collected, and the question posed by your original hypothesis should be answered.

PROCEDURE:

Biology laboratory is a place where different types of experiments and research concerning all the disciplines of life science takes place. They are equipped with sophisticated biology equipments serving all disciplines of biology.Most of todays biological laboratories are equipped with most modern biology instruments including audio/video devices.
best biology lab instrument requires:

* Design : For ensuring a long life a robust design is a must
* Manufacturing materials : The bio lab equipment needs to be manufactured from modern materials that would be easy to clean and looks good
* Reliability : Biology laboratory apparatus should be reliable and easy to maintain
* Compatibility : The devices need to be perfectly compatible with wide range of accessories
* Ergonomic : To ease the pressure on personnel operating the instruments the lab equipment should be user friendly.
* Computer Friendly : All the devices must have the necessary facility for connecting to a PC or LIMS system (wherever necessary)
Laboratory hazards are as varied as the subjects of study in laboratories, and might include poisons; infectious agents; flammable, explosive, or radioactive materials; moving machinery; extreme temperatures; strong magnetic fields or high voltage. In laboratories where dangerous conditions might exist, safety precautions are important. Rules exist to minimize the individual's risk, and safety equipment is used to protect the lab user from injury or to assist in responding to an emergency.

OBSERVATION

the laboratory conditions , experimental needs , procedures , equipment qualities have been clearly observed

RESULT

an introductory way to biological experiments and lab conditions has been done through this experiments